Dental caries is a diet–biofilm-dependent disease. The study aimed to determine the effect of topical treatments with compound 1771 (modulates lipoteichoic acid (LTA) metabolism) and myricetin (affects the synthesis of exopolysaccharides) on S. mutans biofilms. Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a cell surface molecule specific to Gram-positive bacteria. Biofilm are considered to be between 10–10,000 times more resistant to antibiotics, and therefore new chemical entities that inhibit and/or eradicate biofilm formation are needed. Lipoteichoic acid from lactic acid bacteria for use as a drug and in the treatment of bacterial diseases Info Publication number DK1395269T3. Mechanistically, we show that the lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a cell wall component of D3-5, enhances mucin (Muc2) expression by modulating TLR-2/p38-MAPK/NF-kB pathway, which in turn reduces age-related leaky gut and inflammation. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether LTA contributes to the capacity of Lactobacillus plantarum CRL1506 in modulating the intestinal innate antiviral immune response. How LTA localises on the cell surface is a fundamental issue in view of recognition and immunomodulation in hosts. Studies have demonstrated that lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is involved in the immunomodulatory properties of some immunobiotic lactobacilli. Streptococcus mutans contributes to cariogenic biofilms by producing an extracellular matrix rich in exopolysaccharides and acids. The findings indicate that the D3-5 and its LTA can prevent/treat age-related leaky gut and inflammation. Scavenger receptor for lipoteichoic acid is involved in the potent ability of Lactobacillus plantarum strain L-137 to stimulate production of interleukin-12p40. Lipoteichoic acids on Lactobacillus plantarum cell surfaces correlate with induction of interleukin‐12p40 production Yoshitaka Hirose Food Science Research Center, House Wellness Foods Corporation, 3‐20 Imoji, Itami 664‐0011

Hatano S(1), Hirose Y(2), Yamamoto Y(2), Murosaki S(2), Yoshikai Y(3). Many chronic MRSA and VRE infections are due to biofilm formation. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE) have been deemed as serious threats by the CDC. Lipoteichoic Acid Is a Major Component of the Bacillus subtilis Periplasm Vale´rio R. F. Matias* and Terry J. Beveridge Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, and Advanced Foods and Materials Network—Network Centres of Excellence (AFMnet-NCE), University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada